In this blog post, geneticist Jess McLaughlin offers six detailed strategies for trans inclusion in biology education. They also include an extensive list of resources.
Transgender Researchers Want to Make an Impact
This article from Science News for Students is one way to introduce transgender identity in the science classroom. The article includes explanations of transgender identity and profiles several transgender researchers and how their identity intersects with their work as scientists.
The article is written in student-friendly language, and includes a glossary of “power words” that can be used as an additional learning tool.
Podcast on Parenting Language from The Allusionist
Trans parents discuss inclusive language around pregnancy, birth, and parenting with host Helen Zaltzman on The Allusionist, a podcast about language.
Available on all podcast platforms, with transcript and extensive show notes.
Are There “Transgender” Proclivities in Animals?
In JSTOR Daily, Juliet Lamb discusses non-human species that gain advantages by project an opposite-sex appearance which has parallels to transgender humans.
Gender-Inclusive Pedigree Charts
Pedigree charts are one of the most requested topics that we get from visitors to our website. We have built a guidance document below that will be continually updated. You can also view it on Google Docs.
Gender and Sex – Transgender and Intersex (Book Chapter)
This UMass Amherst textbook chapter models the use of precise, modern, and non-pathologizing language for discussing transgender and intersex topics in the context on human biology. The textbook authors are Miliann Kang, Donovan Lessard, Laura Heston, and Sonny Nordmarken. The chapter is available through Openbooks under a Creative Commons Attribution license.
Doctor's Rec: WPATH Standards of Care for “Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People”
The overall goal of the SOC is to provide clinical guidance for health professionals to assist transsexual, transgender, and gender nonconforming people with safe and effective pathways to achieving lasting personal comfort with their gendered selves, in order to maximize their overall health, psychological well-being, and self-fulfillment. This assistance may include primary care, gynecologic and urologic care, reproductive options, voice and communication therapy, mental health services (e.g., assessment, counseling, psychotherapy), and hormonal and surgical treatments.
While this is primarily a document for health professionals, the SOC may also be used by individuals, their families, and social institutions to understand how they can assist with promoting optimal health for members of this diverse population.
Kaiser Permanente Transgender Care follows the WPATH standards of care and the 2009 Endocrine Society Guidelines, as well as a companion document for voice and communication change. Click through to access this file in 18 different languages.
"Individual self-esteem, healthy relationships w/ parents & peers, and GSAs are most common protective factors." (J Prim Prev)
Protective Factors Among Transgender and Gender Variant Youth: A Systematic Review by Socioecological Level
From abstract
Transgender and gender variant (GV) youth experience elevated risk for poor health and academic outcomes due mainly to social experiences of stigma and discrimination. To supplement the growing evidence on health risks encountered by transgender/GV youth, we identified factors theorized to be protective for these youth across all four levels of Bronfenbrenner's socioecological model (individual, relationship, community, societal). We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed research. The articles included in this review were published in peer-reviewed journals in English or Spanish between 1999 and 2014, analyzed data from a sample or subsample of transgender or GV participants with a mean age between 10 and 24 years, and examined the relationship of at least one theorized protective factor to a health or behavioral outcome. Twenty-one articles met inclusion criteria. Transgender/GV youth in included articles ranged from 11 to 26 years of age, were racially/ethnically diverse, and represented varied gender identities. Within these articles, 27 unique protective factors across four levels of the ecological model were identified as related to positive health and well-being. Self-esteem at the individual level, healthy relationships with parents and peers at the relationship-level, and gay-straight alliances at the community level emerged as protective factors across multiple studies. Our findings underscore the relative lack of research on transgender/GV youth and protective factors. Novel recruitment strategies for transgender/GV youth and better measurement of transgender identities are needed to confirm these protective relationships and identify others. Growth in these areas will contribute to building a body of evidence to inform interventions.
Citation
Johns et al. (2018) Protective Factors Among Transgender and Gender Variant Youth: A Systematic Review by Socioecological Level. Journal of Primary Prevention. 2018 Jun;39(3):263-301. doi: 10.1007/s10935-018-0508-9.
Neuroscientists You Should Know: Ben Barres
Science education video host Alie Astrocyte gives a brief profile of the late transgender neuroscientist Ben Barres, his research, and his work on gender equity in science.
Doctor's Rec: Statement from American Academy of Pediatrics
The official American Academy of Pediatrics published (link to summary article) 9 clear recommendations for caring for youth and adolescents who identify as transgender or gender-diverse.
I highlight the portions that specify providing health care according to what the youth wants, especially to match the youth’s gender expression. Not parent, guardian, teacher, staff member, administrator, guidance counselor, etc.
[Aside: You may have heard a FoxNews Glenn Beck headline about an anti-gay-marriage hate group calling itself “American Pediatricians” creating a hoax claiming supporting a transgender youth is abuse. Read more about how Snopes debunked this, as well as the American Academy of Pediatrics’ internal presentation recommending affirming a child’s gender expression (pdf). —RXS]
1. that youth who identify as TGD have access to comprehensive, gender-affirming, and developmentally appropriate health care that is provided in a safe and inclusive clinical space;
2. that family-based therapy and support be available to recognize and respond to the emotional and mental health needs of parents, caregivers, and siblings of youth who identify as TGD;
3. that electronic health records, billing systems, patient-centered notification systems, and clinical research be designed to respect the asserted gender identity of each patient while maintaining confidentiality and avoiding duplicate charts;
4. that insurance plans offer coverage for health care that is specific to the needs of youth who identify as TGD, including coverage for medical, psychological, and, when indicated, surgical gender-affirming interventions;
5. that provider education, including medical school, residency, and continuing education, integrate core competencies on the emotional and physical health needs and best practices for the care of youth who identify as TGD and their families;
6. that pediatricians have a role in advocating for, educating, and developing liaison relationships with school districts and other community organizations to promote acceptance and inclusion of all children without fear of harassment, exclusion, or bullying because of gender expression;
7. that pediatricians have a role in advocating for policies and laws that protect youth who identify as TGD from discrimination and violence;
8. that the health care workforce protects diversity by offering equal employment opportunities and workplace protections, regardless of gender identity or expression; and
9. that the medical field and federal government prioritize research that is dedicated to improving the quality of evidence-based care for youth who identify as TGD.
Citation:
Jason Rafferty (2018) Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics Sep 2018, e20182162; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-2162 (direct pdf)
Victimization of Transgender Youths Linked to Suicidal Thoughts, Substance Abuse (Journal of Adolescent Health)
In two peer-reviewed papers, researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have found that transgender adolescents are twice as likely to have suicidal thoughts as the general population, and they are up to four times as likely to engage in substance use. Depression and school-based victimization factored heavily into the disparities in both cases.
Read more: https://cns.utexas.edu/news/victimization-of-transgender-youths-linked-to-suicidal-thoughts-substance-abuse
School Victimization of Gender-Nonconforming LGBT Youth Linked with Depression and Quality Of Life In Adulthood (Developmental Psychology)
From the American Psychological Association (which historically pathologized LGBT+ behavior), researchers found that bullying over LGBT status alone is completely responsible for how well that 13 to 19 year-old associates with gender as an adult.
We also found that school victimization due to LGBT status between the ages of 13 and 19 fully accounts for the associations between gender nonconformity and young adult adjustment, measured as depression and life satisfaction.
The researchers also analyzed their data to make sure other kinds of bullying weren’t responsible for depression and happiness.
However, school victimization for other reasons does not mediate this association.
This effect of bullying on the gender development of queer youth affects youth of all genders equally.
On the other hand, we did not find support for our hypothesis that the strength between gender nonconformity and school LGBT victimization would be stronger for boys. The process through which early gender nonconformity affects later psychosocial adjustment is similar for boys and girls.
Homophobic bullying in particular continues on into the young adult years and negatively impacts quality of life.
We found that the negative impact of specifically homophobic school victimization continues into the young adult years and affects quality of life and capacity to enjoy life.
The researchers do recommend that school policies specifically prohibiting queer-targeted bullying will reduce these negative outcomes.
Enactment of school policies that specifically prohibit victimization due to LGBT status, gender nonconformity, and other types of bias-related harassment can help reduce negative psychosocial outcomes in LGBT and gender-nonconforming young people. Thus, although it is clear that all victimization should be prohibited in schools, these findings specifically indicate the need for antibullying policies that enumerate categories often targeted by bullies.
The authors also seem thoughtful about how they are considering their transgender participants:
We also tested the model without transgender participants. The findings (available upon request) were similar to the results based on the full sample (i.e., the indirect pathway was significant and all pathways were of similar strength and the same direction). On the basis of these results, and because our measure of LGBT school victimization was inclusive of transgender experiences, we present finding based on the full sample.
Citation: Russell B. Toomey, Caitlyn Ryan, Rafael M. Diaz, Noel A. Card, & Stephen T. Russell. (2010) Gender-Nonconforming Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth: School Victimization and Young Adult Psychosocial Adjustment. Developmental Psychology 2010, Vol. 46, No. 6, 1580-1589. (pdf)
Irresponsible scientific research and media portrayals are hurting trans people. Do better.
In this article in Massive Science, neuroscientist Elysa Carr calls for authors to avoid essentialist biases and treat all identities, non-binary, gender nonconforming, trans, or cis, as equally valid. Carr advises scientists to consider how research on the genetics of human behavior can impact marginalized communities when the research is misinterpreted or abused.
Are the Brains of Transgender People Different from Those of Cisgender People?
In this article in The Scientist, Shawna Williams reviews current research on how brain structures may be linked to gender identity.